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No Surprises Act

The No Surprises Act (NSA) prohibits balance billing insured patients who receive emergency or non-emergency services from out-of-network providers at in-network facilities for amounts greater than the patient’s in-network cost-sharing requirement for such services.  The NSA also establishes a payment dispute resolution process and requirements to provide good faith estimates to uninsured or self-pay patients.  (Note: This rule applies to private pay patients because Medicare and Medicaid already have protections against surprise billing.)

 - This CMS page includes fact sheets, summaries, and resources for  and .  Below we highlight some key guidance related to dispute resolution:

  • Good Faith Estimates and Dispute Resolution for Providers and Facilities
    • These  provide guidance on several requirements, including how rules apply to no-network and closed-network plans, requirements related to disclosures, and the calculation of the qualifying payment amount (QPA).
    • HHS  offer best practices, tips, and common mistakes regarding the Independent Dispute Resolutions (IDR).
    • A clarifying  (August 2022) addresses specific issues related to disclosures regarding the QPA and guidance for IDR entities when making payment determinations.
    • These provide more clarification regarding Good Faith Estimates (GFE) for uninsured and self-pay individuals. 
  • (Note: Some aspects of the Independent Dispute Resolution process have changed due to a February 23, 2022, court ruling.  This guidance will be updated by CMS soon. See .)

 - This toolkit can help practices understand and comply with the No Surprises Act, including responsibilities for preparing Good Faith Estimates for self-pay and uninsured patients.

Health plans also have obligations under this rule, particularly with respect to keeping provider directories current.  CAQH offers a 2-page  of those requirements.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau debt collectors and credit bureaus not to collect on medical bills protected under the No Surprises Act.

- CMS has published letters to help determine which surprise billing requirements are enforceable by each state or territory and which requirements CMS will enforce.